Plumbing systems have evolved from using only metal to modern-day plumbing systems using plastic materials, which have made installation easier and efficient. There are different types of pipes used for water supply, especially in remodeled homes. Every construction requires a plumbing system that includes storage tanks, valves, distribution pipes, and drainage systems.
Proper maintenance of these facilities makes sure that there is an adequate supply of water and effective waste disposal. This blog will highlight the 10 types of pipes used in water supply, describing their pros, cons, and common applications to help one pick the best pipe for water supply needs.
What are Drinking Water Pipes?
Water pipes are tubes that are used to deliver drinking water to people’s houses and businesses. There are several types of water supply pipes. The Large water pipes that measure up to 3.65 meters across can supply whole towns with water, while pipes of a smaller size can be used in streets or individual buildings.
In well-planned water systems, drinking water is usually purified and often chlorinated before it comes to your home so that it does not get contaminated by anything on its way there. When you turn on your faucet, these pipes bring safe, treated tap water into them, while waste pipes carry dirty drain water out into the sewer system, which has been improved over time.
Types of Pipes Used in Water Supply
1. Copper Pipes
Copper pipes have been used in plumbing for a long time because they are reliable and durable. They have a long lifespan under normal conditions. Copper pipes come in different sizes, from 1/4 inch to 12 inches in diameter, so they can be used in both large commercial buildings and small residential homes.
Common Uses
- Hot and cold water lines
- HVAC systems for refrigerant lines (since they can handle high pressures and temperatures)
Advantages
- Long-lasting and durable
- Can handle high temperatures
- Resistant to bacteria and corrosion
- Recyclable and eco-friendly
Disadvantages
- More expensive than plastic pipes
- Can corrode in acidic environments
- Requires skilled labor for installation due to the need for soldering
2. PEX Pipes
PEX, or Cross-linked Polyethylene, is a strong and flexible plumbing pipe that is very popular today. Its flexibility lets it bend around corners and obstacles, which means fewer fittings and a lower risk of leaks. PEX pipes resist scale and chlorine, which can harm other pipes over time. They come in sizes from 1/4 inch to 4 inches, making them useful for both small residential plumbing and larger commercial systems.
Common Uses
- Indoor water supply lines
- Radiant floor heating
- Hot and cold plumbing systems
Advantages
- Flexible, allowing for easier installation with fewer fittings
- Resistant to scale and chlorine
- Suitable for both hot and cold water
- Less likely to burst if frozen
Disadvantages
- Vulnerable to UV damage if not adequately protected
- Some concerns about chemicals potentially leaching into the water
- Not suitable for outdoor use
3. PVC Pipes
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) pipes are popular plastic pipes that are lightweight, tough, and easy to use. These pipes are usually white or cream-colored and made from a mix of plastic and vinyl. They are sturdy and commonly used in various plumbing systems. They come in sizes ranging from 1/2 inch to 4 inches in diameter, making them versatile for different needs, from small household plumbing to large industrial systems.
Common Uses
- Carrying drinking water
- Handling sewage
- Serving as the main water supply lines in homes and businesses
Advantages
- Lightweight and simple to install
- Affordable and easily available
- Resistant to rust and chemical damage
- Ideal for cold water and non-drinking water applications
Disadvantages
- Not suitable for hot water
- Can break down under sunlight
- Releases harmful chemicals if burned
4. CPVC Pipes
CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) pipes are thermoplastic pipes made by adding chlorine to PVC resin. This treatment makes CPVC pipes great for carrying hot water, as they can withstand high temperatures better than regular PVC pipes. They share many benefits with PVC, like being resistant to corrosion and chemical attacks, but with added durability against heat. They come in sizes from 1/2 inch to 2 inches, making them suitable for everything from small repairs to complete plumbing systems.
Common Uses
- To transport hot and cold water in homes and industries.
Advantages
- Can handle higher temperatures than regular PVC
- Easy to install with special adhesives
- Resistant to chemicals and corrosion
- Safe for drinking water
Disadvantages
- Costs more than PVC
- Can become brittle over time
- Might be damaged by certain organic solvents
5. Braided Pipes
Braided pipes aren’t made from one type of material. They have a soft rubber hose inside, covered by a strong metal mesh. This metal mesh usually comes from stainless steel. The mesh makes the pipe flexible, so it can bend without kinking, and strong enough to handle high pressure. It also keeps the rubber hose from expanding, which helps maintain the pipe’s shape and flow. These pipes come in different lengths to fit various appliances and fixtures.
Common Uses
- To connect appliances like water heaters, sinks, and toilets.
Advantages
- Can handle high pressure without bursting
- Flexible and easy to install in tight spaces
- Very durable
Disadvantages
- Only suitable for specific uses
- Generally, more expensive than solid pipes of the same size
- Professional installation is often needed
6. ABS Pipes
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) pipes are a type of thermoplastic pipe. It’s similar to PVC but is tougher and works better in colder temperatures. ABS pipes are black and are often used for drainage, waste, and ventilation systems because they are strong and durable. They come in sizes from 1 1/2 inches to 4 inches in diameter, making them suitable for various home and business needs.
Common Uses
- Mainly used for drains, waste lines, vents, and sewer systems.
Advantages
- Strong and impact-resistant
- Ideal for drainage, waste, and vent systems
- Performs well in cold weather
- Easy to install using solvent welding
Disadvantages
- Not suitable for outdoor use because it is sensitive to UV light
- Not for drinking water systems
- Less flexible compared to PEX and PVC pipes
7. Cast Iron Pipes
Cast iron pipes are made by pouring molten iron into molds. These heavy pipes are great for handling high pressure and are often used underground. They are especially good at reducing noise from flowing water, which is useful in tall buildings and industrial places. These pipes come in larger sizes, from 2 inches to 15 inches or more, making them perfect for main sewage drains and large water systems.
Common Uses
- Underground water systems
- Main sewage lines
- Storm drainage systems
Advantages
- Very durable and long-lasting
- Reduces noise from water flow
- Strong against wear and heavy loads
- Good for high-pressure situations
Disadvantages
- Very heavy and hard to install
- Can rust and corrode over time
- Expensive to repair or replace
8. Galvanized Steel Pipe
Galvanized steel pipes are regular steel pipes covered with a layer of zinc to prevent rusting. The zinc coating is applied by dipping the pipes into molten zinc, which forms a protective layer. Galvanized steel pipe was once a popular choice for plumbing, especially for drain, waste, and vent pipes before the 1980s. The pipe has threaded ends, making it easy to connect.
Common Uses
- Found in older homes’ plumbing systems
- Mostly used for gas lines nowadays
Advantages
- Strong and durable
- Less expensive than copper
Disadvantages
- It can rust over time and might contaminate water with lead.
- Mineral buildup can lead to clogs
9. HDPE Pipes
HDPE pipes are made from a type of plastic called high-density polyethylene. They are popular for water supply and distribution because of their many benefits.
Common Uses
- Underground water systems
- The manufacturing of various items such as containers, piping systems, and plastic film
Advantages
- Very durable and long-lasting
- Resistant to corrosion
- Flexible, so needs fewer joints
- Works well in cold weather
- Non-toxic
- Require less maintenance
Disadvantages
- It can crack if it gets too hot
- Melts when exposed to direct sunlight
10. Concrete pipes
Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) pipes are created using a mix of 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and 2 parts aggregate, with the aggregate being no larger than 7 mm.
To handle tension, these pipes include reinforcement wrapped around them, and they also have some reinforcement along their length. The thickness of R.C.C. pipes ranges from 25 mm to 65 mm, depending on the pipe’s diameter, which can be from 10 cm to 120 cm.
Common Uses
- Water supply pipe systems
Advantages
- Strong and durable
- Can handle high water pressures
- Long lifespan
- Low maintenance needs
Disadvantages
- Heavy Weight causing difficulty in installation and transportation
- Can crack under impact or stress
- Higher initial expense compared to some materials
- Susceptible to chemical damage over time
- Limited Flexibility
Key Considerations for Buying Different Types of Pipes Used in Water Supply
1. Smooth Interior Surface
High-quality pipes should have smooth inner surfaces to reduce friction. This makes sure water flows freely, reducing pressure and enhancing safety. An individual’s health greatly depends on their choice of pipes as well.
2. Long-Term Durability
Pipes should be long-lasting and durable enough to withstand both high and low temperatures without cracking. This avoids leakages and guarantees a long lifespan.
3. Heat and Cold Resistance
Versatile water pipes can be used in various places like hospitals, hotels, and buildings. They should resist temperatures of 80°C and above and withstand extreme cold without cracking, ensuring reliable performance in any climate.
4. Cost Per Foot
This affects your total budget. Knowing how much each foot of pipe costs enables you to manage expenses and is critical for major projects.
5. Pressure Rating
Pipes should be able to handle high-pressure ratings to avoid leaks and ruptures, especially on high-demand systems or buildings with many floors.
6. Non-Toxic Materials
Good types of pipes are made from safe materials that don’t release harmful chemicals into the water, protecting health. Additionally, their installation should not cause pollution; hence, they will be safe for both humans and wildlife.
7. Environmentally Friendly
Quality drinkable water availability reduces the use of bottled water, decreasing plastic wastage, which is favorable for the environment. Efficient pipes improve water flow and its availability; thus, they are an advantage to commercial as well as residential users.
8. Ease of Installation
The complexity of installing a pipe can affect labor costs and how long the project takes. Easier installation means lower costs and faster completion.
Conclusion
For a reliable and efficient plumbing system, it is important to choose the best pipe for water supply needs. Different types of pipes used in water supply have their own benefits and uses, such as copper’s longevity, PEX’s flexibility, PVC’s versatility, and the sturdiness of cast iron. By understanding these differences, you will be able to select what is best for your house or next project, guaranteeing safety and durability. Investing in quality pipes now can save you from future hassles and repairs.
Ready to upgrade your plumbing? Contact a professional plumber today to enjoy a leak-free, reliable water supply system.
